Depending upon the number of hydroxyl group, alcohols are classified as mono (contain only one –OH group), di (contain two –OH groups) and trihydric (contains three –OH groups).Īlcohols are further classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°) and tertiary (3°) according to the –OH group is attached to the primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms respectively. The disappearance of pink colour may take place with or without the formation of brown precipitate of MnO 2.Īlcohols are compounds in which the hydroxyl group (-OH) is linked to aliphatic carbon chain or in the side chain of an organic compound. In this test, pink colour of KMnO 4 disappears, when alkaline KMnO 4 is added to an unsaturated hydrocarbon. In this test, the orange-red colour of bromine solution disappears when it is added to an unsaturated organic compound (unsaturated hydrocarbon). There are two tests for determining unsaturation in an organic compound. Let’s discuss some important functional groups and their identification tests. Functional groups are responsible for the characteristics of a molecule. They may be –OH, -COOH, -CO, -CHO, -Cl, -COCl, -COOR etc. The atom or group of atoms that replaces hydrogen atoms from hydrocarbon are called functional groups. The compounds that are derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by other atoms or groups of atoms are called derivatives of hydrocarbons or families. What does derivatives of hydrocarbons or families mean? The number of π bonds present in a molecule of an organic compound is termed as the Degree of Unsaturation. What does the 'Degree of Unsaturation' mean?
A triple bond contains one σ (sigma) bond and two π (pi) bonds. One σ (sigma) bond and one π (pi) bond constitute a double bond.Īlkynes: Aliphatic hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon triple bond are called alkynes. Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.Īlkenes: Aliphatic hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon double bond are called alkenes. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (Alkenes & Alkynes) They may have straight chain, branched or ring structure. They are also called Paraffins or Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon single bonds are called saturated hydrocarbons.
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